The Guggenheim
Investment Process

Built for Better Decision Making

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Our fixed-income investment process disaggregates the primary functions of investment management in order to make better decisions and express our best ideas in actively managed portfolios.

 
 

Our Process in Action

The functions of investment management are divided among four independent teams. By making our investment process team-based, we slow down the decision-making process, and by slowing decision making, we make sure that every decision is thoughtful and minimizes biases.

Guggenheim Investment Process

Macroeconomic Research

Economic, Policy, and Market Themes and Forecasts

The Macroeconomic and Investment Research Group provides the rest of the investment team with the outlook on the U.S. and global business cycle, market forecasts, and policy views. The Group establishes the house view on economic, the labor market, inflation, and other drivers of economic growth and investment performance, and evaluates debt and equity markets, as well as interest rates and commodities. Policy views encompass regulatory initiatives, fiscal policy, and monetary policy at the Federal Reserve and other global central banks.

Sector Teams

Security Analysis, Selection, and Monitoring

The Sector teams are responsible for not only sourcing the most compelling risk-adjusted investments but analyzing them and providing ongoing risk monitoring. They take input from the macroeconomic team and provide security recommendations to portfolio managers, who decide on asset allocation. The Sector teams focus on the following sectors: investment-grade and high-yield corporate bonds, bank loans, asset-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations, non-Agency residential mortgage-backed securities (MBS), commercial MBS, commercial real estate debt, municipal bonds, Agency MBS, and Treasury/Agency securities.

Portfolio Construction

Model Portfolios and Risk Analysis

The Portfolio Construction Group provides strategy, research, and risk management analysis, and focuses on optimizing portfolio positioning for each client and fund by formulating model portfolios. The Portfolio Construction Group also conducts portfolio level risk analysis to evaluate whether the risk positioning is appropriate for each client. The Portfolio Construction Group is not involved in the day-to-day management of a portfolio or security selection; that is the role of the Portfolio Managers and the Sector teams.

Portfolio Management

Executes Investment Strategy According to Team Inputs and Portfolio Guidelines

The Portfolio Management team interacts with the Portfolio Construction Group, the Macroeconomic and Investment Research Group, and the Sector teams to make appropriate allocations for any given strategy. It synthesizes the collective work of the different groups to manage according to portfolio investment guidelines and the risk directives and needs of each client and fund. The Portfolio Management team is also the primary point of contact for clients for any updates and reporting that may be required to fulfill our client service obligations.

 
 

A Process Built on the Principles of Behavioral Finance

Decision making is an inherently flawed process. Oftentimes we think we are making a rational decision based on experience or intuition, but, as Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman and his colleague Amos Tversky demonstrated, it is usually based on fundamentally incorrect logic caused by cognitive biases.

Investment Process

Based on a series of groundbreaking experiments, Kahneman and Tversky used a metaphor of two systems of behavior that drive the way humans make decisions. Type 1 behavior is automatic, rapid thinking, intuitive, and emotional. Type 2 behavior is slower, deliberative, effortful, and logical.

The human mind is capable of generating complex patterns and ideas while making Type 1 decisions, but these decisions are typically helped by shortcuts of intuitive thinking, or heuristics, that render us vulnerable to cognitive biases.

These heuristics include anchoring (when a known value is considered before estimating an unknown quantity), representativeness (when judgements are rendered based on similarities between items without considering other factors) or availability (when assessing the probability of an event is judged by the ease with which similar occurrences can be brought to mind). The biases inherent in Type 1 behavior exist for organizations as well as individuals. Decisions at many investment firms are left in the hands of a star investor or a small group of portfolio managers who might be more vulnerable to bias risk.

A far better approach is to slow down decision making into an orderly series of steps and, in so doing, minimize cognitive biases and remove the emotional component from the process. We believe Type 2 thinking leads to superior long-term investment decisions. At Guggenheim, we have embraced Kahneman and Tversky’s pioneering work in behavioral finance, and founded our entire investment process upon it. By disaggregating the investment process into four specialist groups, we have made it purposefully difficult to fall afoul of Type 1 decision making. Investments are made only after taking input from all four groups.

 
 

The division of labor occasions, in every art, a proportionable increase of the productive powers of labor.

Adam Smith,
The Wealth of Nations

Enhancing Productivity Through Division of Labor and Specialization

In his seminal work The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith observed that the division of labor in any enterprise increases productivity and leads to greater prosperity. There are several key benefits to the division of labor. First, each group becomes a specialist with specialized knowledge. Second, specialization enables each group to be more efficient with their time as they focus on their primary task. Last, specialization results in more innovation as each group pursues its task. Smith used the example of different levels of productivity for a farm worked by generalists versus a farm that employs specialists in each task. A major goal in the disaggregation of our process is to foster expertise in separate areas of investment decision making.

Case Studies

Surviving Oil's Slide and Benefiting from Its Recovery

How the Four Groups Interact in Investment Decisions

A powerful example of our process at work occurred during the volatile oil markets of the last few years. In 2014, when the price of oil declined from around $100 per barrel to $80, market consensus put the low at $75. Analysis of the oil market by our Macroeconomic and Investment Research Group indicated that the price of oil was in a far more precarious position than the market was anticipating. The Group communicated its view that oil could trade as low as $25.

Using this forecast as an input into their credit models, the Sector teams identified the securities of those energy companies and other industries that would be vulnerable to a severe decline in the price of oil. The Portfolio Construction Group used this outlook in its risk models to determine how this oil forecast could affect clients at the portfolio level. Informed by the work of the Sector teams and the Portfolio Construction Group, the Portfolio Management team was able to reduce the exposure to these companies and sectors, thereby minimizing losses during the selloff that followed. By the time oil prices bottomed near $26 in early 2016, our teams were prepared to take advantage of investment opportunities that would benefit our clients as oil rebounded.

Finding Yield Without Undue Credit and Duration Risk

A Process Designed to Find Value Beyond the Benchmark

The specialization built in to our investment process positions us to evaluate assets and implement strategies that require deeper analysis, focused resources, and specialized expertise. Our core competencies in credit, structured products, and due diligence lead us to parts of the fixed-income market that are not included in the popular benchmark, the Bloomberg Barclays Aggregate index (Agg).

Achieving yield targets while maintaining an investment-grade portfolio is possible, but it requires a willingness and ability to look beyond the benchmark. At $19 trillion, the Agg represents less than half of the total U.S. fixed-income universe, leaving out $21 trillion in securities that do not meet its requirements for inclusion, including bank loans, high-yield bonds, and non-Agency MBS, as well as the majority of the ABS and municipal sectors, many of which carry investment-grade credit ratings. We believe our ability to uncover value in securities outside of the traditional benchmark-driven framework puts our clients in the best position to benefit from our pursuit of compelling risk-adjusted return opportunities. At the heart of this investment proposition is the structure of our investment process, which allows our best ideas to be expressed in actively managed portfolios.

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About Guggenheim Investments

$234+ Billion
Total Assets*

$200 Billion**
Fixed Income Assets

235+ Investment
Professionals**

890+ Guggenheim
Investments Employees**

10 Investment
Sector Teams***

 
Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Investments in fixed-income instruments are subject to the possibility that interest rates could rise, causing their values to decline. High yield and unrated debt securities are at a greater risk of default than investment grade bonds and may be less liquid, which may increase volatility.

** 3.31.2024

*** Investment-Grade Corporate Credit, High-Yield Corporate bonds, Bank Loans, ABS & CLOs, Non-Agency RMBS, CMBS, CRE Debt, Municipals, Agency RMBS, Rates
 
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Guggenheim Investments represents the following affiliated investment management businesses of Guggenheim Partners, LLC: Guggenheim Partners Investment Management, LLC, Security Investors, LLC, Guggenheim Funds Distributors, LLC, Guggenheim Funds Investment Advisors, LLC, Guggenheim Corporate Funding, LLC, Guggenheim Partners Europe Limited, Guggenheim Partners Japan Limited, and GS GAMMA Advisors, LLC.